Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan sign Mecca Joint Defence Pact for collective security
Leaders of Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan signed a historic trilateral mutual defense agreement in Mecca on August 7. The "Mecca Joint Defence Pact" stipulates that an armed attack against any one of the signatories will be treated as an attack against all three. The alliance unites Turkey’s NATO-standard military, Saudi Arabia's economic influence, and Pakistan’s nuclear status. The pact is seen as a major shift in Middle Eastern security architecture amid the ongoing conflict between the United States and Iran.